SULTANATE COINS

MAMLUK DYNASTY

     The Mamluk Dynasty (sometimes referred as Slave Dynasty or Ghulam Dynasty) was directed into India by Qutb-ud-din Aybak, a Turkic general of Central Asian birth. It was the first of five unrelated dynasties to rule India's Delhi Sultanate from 1206 to 1290.Mamluk, literally meaning owned, was a soldier of slave origin who had converted to Islam. The phenomenon started in 9th century and gradually the Mamluks became a powerful military caste in various Muslim societies. Mamluks held political and military power most notably in Egypt, but also in the Levant, Iraq, and India. In 1206, Muhammad of Ghor died. He had no child, so after his death, his sultanate was divided into many parts by his slaves (mamluk generals). Taj-ud-Din Yildoz became the ruler of Ghazni. Mohammad Bin Bakhtiyar Khilji got Bengal. Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha became the sultan of Multan. Qutub-ud-din-Aybak became the sultan of Delhi, and that was the beginning of the Slave dynasty.

Balban Shah

Ruler : Ghiyas-Ud-Din Balban Shah
Year : AH 664 -686 (AD 1266 - 1287)

Obverse: Al - Sultan Al - Azam Ghiyath Al - Dunya Wa'ldin

Reverse: Balban In Center : Sri Sultan Gayasadan In Nagari 

Shams-Ud-Din Ilthumish

     Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (r. 1211–1236) was the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi of Turkic origin. He was a slave of Qutb-ud-din Aibak and later became his son-in-law and close lieutenant. He was the Governor of Badaun when he deposed Qutub-ud-din's successor Aram Shah and acceeded to the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in 1211. He shifted Capital from Lahore to Delhi, remained the ruler until his death on May 1, 1236. Iltutmish introduced the silver tanka and the copper jital-the two basic coins of the Sultanate period, with a standard weight of 175 grains. He introudced Iqtadari system: division of empire into Iqtas, which were assigned to the nobles and officers in lieu of salary.He built the Hauz-i-Shamsi reservoir in Mehrauli in 1230, which also has Jahaz Mahal standing on its edge, used by later Mughal Emperors. In 1231, he built Sultan Ghari the mausoleum of his eldest son, Prince Nasiru'd-Din Mahmud, which was the first Islamic Mausoleum in Delhi. His own tomb exists, within the Qutb complex in Mehrauli, Delhi. He got completed the construction of qutub minar.

Ruler : Shams-Ud-Din Ilthumish
Metal : Bullion Coin
Year : AD 1211-1236

Obverse : Bull to Left
Ruler : Shams-Ud-Din Ilthumish
Metal : Bullion Coin
Year : AD 1211-1236

GHAJNI

Khushru Shah

Metal : Copper


KHILJIS

Jalal-Ud-Din Firuz Shah II

Ruler : Jalal-Ud-Din Firuz Shah II
Year : 1290 - 1295
Metal : Bullion

Muhammad Shah II

Metal : Bullion Gani Coin
Ruler : Ala-Ud-Din Muhammad Shah II
Year : 1296 - 1316
Weight : 3.48 grams
Diameter : 17mm
Obverse : Legend: Al-Sultan Al-Azim Ala' Al-Dunya Wa'l Din
                [Al - The, Azim - Greatest, Ala - Excellence, Dunya - World]
Reverse : Legend, Within Circle: Shah Muhammad, Around, In Nagari: Sri Sultan Allaudin.
Ref : Mitchiner WOI 2569


TUGHLUQS

Ghiyas-Ud-Din Tughluq Shah

Ruler : Ghiyas-Ud-Din Tughluq Shah
Metal : Billon (Silver Alloy)
Weight : 3.45 Grams

Ruler : Muhammad Bin Tughluk
Metal : Copper

Metal : Silver (Billon)
Value : 1/2 Tanka
Weight : 3.5 Grams

MALWA SULTANS

      Malwa become independent of the Delhi sultanate following Timur’s invasion at the end of A.D 1398. The Governor of the province at that time was Dilawar Khan Gauri. When the Delhi sultan. Mahmud bin Muhammad, fled from his capital, Delhi. Dilawar Khan gave him asylum He never assumed the royal title nor struck coin in his own name, but was independent in all but name. His son Alp Khan, impatient to take over the reigns of power, had his father poisoned and, in A.D 1405 (A.H.808) ascended the throne under the title Husam al-din Hushang Shah. He struck coins on his name.

Akbar sent an army to Malwa, which defeated the last king of Malwa sultan Baz Bahadur who was forced to flee in to Gondwana. This was in A.D 1562 (A.H 969) and independent sultanate of Malwa had finally come to an end.

Hoshang Shah
      He was the first formally appointed Muslim king of Malwa region.He was also known by name Hushang Shah Gori and Alp Khan.
His father was Dilawar Khan had belonged to the court of Firozshah Tughlaq, he was governer of Malwa.

Year : 1405 - 1431
Metal : Copper
Ruler : Hoshang Shah
Mint : Shadiabad
Denomination : Falus
Obverse : Hoshang Shah\Al-Sulthan
Reverse : Dar Ul Mulk\Shadiabad
Diameter : 15mm
Weight : 4.4 grams

Mahamud shah II
Mahmud Shah II was son of Nasir Shah
Year : 1510 -1531

BAHAMANI SULTANS

Metal : Copper

Ruler : Unknown

Metal : Copper

Ruler : Karimullah shah

GUJARATH SULTANS

Ruler : Muhammad Shah
Value : 1/2 Tanka
Metal : Copper

JAUNPUR SULTANS

      The city of Jaunpur was founded by the Sultan of Delhi Feroz Shah Tughlaq in 1359 and named in memory of his father, Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given name was Jauna Khan. After the death of Firuz in 1388, the Delhi Sultanate fell into disarray amidst factional fighting over the succession. Taking advantage of the unsettled situation, the vazir Khwaja Jahan, also known as Malik Sarwar, who had been sent in 1393 to the east to establish order, instead set himself up as an independent sultan with his base at Jaunpur. Thus was the Jaunpur Sultanate born. It was to last 100 years.

The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, the adopted son of Malik Sarwar, who ruled as Shams ud-din Ibrahim Shah (1402-1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Qutb al-Alam, he threatened the Sultanate of Bengal under Raja Ganesha (Danujamarddana Deva).

During the reign of Husain Shah (1456-76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts by Bahlul Shah Lodi. Finally, under Sikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultante was able to reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end.

Metal : Silver alloy
Ruler : Nasir Al-Din Mahamud Shah
Year : AD 1440 - 1456(854 AH)
Script : Persian inscriptions on both sides: mahmud shah bin ibrahim shah sultani khulidat mamlakatahu / al-khalifa amir al-mu minin khulidat khilafatahu.
Diameter : 19mm
Weight : 9.81 grams. 
Ref : "The Coins of the Indian Sultanates" J12; Rajgor 2713.

SINDH SULTANS

Metal : Silver
Year : 14th Century

BIJAPUR SULTANS

Metal : Copper

Metal : Copper

Metal : Copper
Weight : 9.64 Grams

Metal : Bullion
Obverse : Horseman
Ruler : Unknown

Metal : Bullion
Obverse : Horseman
Ruler : Unknown